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Social insurance is any government-sponsored program with the following four characteristics: * the benefits, eligibility requirements and other aspects of the program are defined by statute; * explicit provision is made to account for the income and expenses (often through a trust fund); * it is funded by taxes or premiums paid by (or on behalf of) participants (although additional sources of funding may be provided as well); and * the program serves a defined population, and participation is either compulsory or the program is subsidized heavily enough that most eligible individuals choose to participate.〔( "Social Insurance" ), Actuarial Standard of Practice No. 32, Actuarial Standards Board, January 1998.〕 Social insurance has also been defined as a program where risks are transferred to and pooled by an organization, often governmental, that is legally required to provide certain benefits.〔Margaret E. Lynch, Editor, ''Health Insurance Terminology'', Health Insurance Association of America, 1992, ISBN 1-879143-13-5.〕 In the U.S., programs that meet these definitions include Social Security, Medicare, the PBGC program, the railroad retirement program and state-sponsored unemployment insurance programs.〔 The Canada Pension Plan (CPP) is also a social insurance program. == Similarities to private insurance == Typical similarities between social insurance programs and private insurance programs include: * Wide pooling of risks; * Specific definitions of the benefits provided; * Specific definitions of eligibility rules and the amount of coverage provided; * Specific premium, contribution or tax rates required to meet the expected costs of the system.〔Robert J. Myers, ''Social Security'', Third Edition, Richard D. Irwin, Inc., 1985, ISBN 0-256-03307-2.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Social insurance」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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